vi commands

Here is the complete **HTML version** of the `vi` commands guide with examples: ```html

📝 vi Editor Commands with Examples

🔹 Starting vi

vi filename

This opens filename in vi. If it doesn't exist, vi will create it when saved.

📖 Modes in vi

• Normal Mode: Default mode for navigation and commands.
• Insert Mode: For editing text.
• Command Mode: For file operations (triggered by :).

✍️ Insert Mode Commands

Command	Description
i	Insert before cursor
I	Insert at beginning of line
a	Append after cursor
A	Append at end of line
o	Open new line below
O	Open new line above
Esc	Exit insert mode

🧪 Example:

Press i → type your text → press Esc to exit insert mode.

📂 File Commands (Command Mode)

Command	Description
:w	Save the file
:q	Quit vi
:wq	Save and quit
:q!	Quit without saving
:w new.txt	Save content to new.txt

🔍 Navigation Commands

Command	Description
h	Move left
l	Move right
j	Move down
k	Move up
0	Beginning of line
$	End of line
G	End of file
gg	Start of file
:n	Go to line number n
Ctrl+d	Scroll down half page
Ctrl+u	Scroll up half page

✂️ Editing Commands

Command	Description
x	Delete character under cursor
dd	Delete current line
yy	Copy (yank) current line
p	Paste below
P	Paste above
u	Undo last change
Ctrl+r	Redo
r<char>	Replace character under cursor
R	Enter replace mode

🔍 Search and Replace

Command	Description
/word	Search forward for "word"
?word	Search backward for "word"
n	Repeat last search
:%s/old/new/g	Replace all "old" with "new"
:5,10s/foo/bar/g	Replace from line 5 to 10

✅ Practical Example

$ vi demo.txt

Then inside vi:

1. Press i and type:

Hello World
This is a test file.

2. Press Esc
3. Type :wq to save and quit

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